Isi ihe ịma aka nke Radiation- Crystal oscillators siri ike: Ntụle dị omimi nke ngụkọta ionizing dose na otu -Mmetụta mmemme
Nkọwa: Ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche nke Crystal Oscillators na gburugburu Radiation
Crystal oscillators, na-eje ozi dị ka "obi mgbawa" nke sistemu eletrọnịkị, na-eche ihe ịma aka pụrụ iche ihu na gburugburu ọkụ ọkụ dị elu-. Ihe ndị bụ isi ha -piezoelectric crystals na precision oscillation circuits{3}} na-azaghachi n'ụzọ dị iche na radieshon, mana nsonaazụ ya na-egosipụta n'ikpeazụ na metrik arụmọrụ isi: nkwụsi ike ugboro. A na-ekewa mmetụta radieshon n'ụzọ bụ isi ụzọ abụọ: nbibi nke ntanye nke mmetụta mkpokọta ionizing Dose (TID) na mmejọ mberede nke Single-Event Effects (SEE) kpatara.
Nkebi nke Mbụ: Mkpokọta Mmetụta Ionizing Dose -"Ịka nká" nke Crystal Oscillators
1.1 Mmebi nke kristal n'onwe ya
Mmetụta TID na-esite na nchikota ike n'ihi ogologo oge - mkpughe na radieshon ionizing, na-ebute ụdị isi abụọ nke mmebi na kristal quartz:
Na-aga n'ihu nhazi nke ntụpọ Lattice
• Radiation na-ebute mmebi nchụpụ n'ime kristal, na-ewepụ atom site n'ọkwa lattice ha.
• Oghere ohere, atom interstitial, na ntụpọ ndị ọzọ na-agbakọta ka oge na-aga.
• Nrụ arụ ndị a na-agbanwe ihe nrịbama kristal na nrụnye oke{0}.
• Mmetụta ozugbo: Mgbanwe n'usoro n'usoro na-emegharị ugboro ugboro na mgbagha nke ugboro ole - njiri mara okpomọkụ.
Mkpokọta ego na mbara ihu na ihu
• Ionizing radieshon na-ebute ụgwọ a kapịrị ọnụ n'elu kristal na oghere electrode.
• Mkpokọta chajị na-agbanwe ọnọdụ oke maka ịgbasa ebili mmiri.
• Na-abawanye mfu mgbasa na mgbasa nke ebili mmiri ụda.
• Mmetụta ozugbo: Mbelata n'ihe dị mma (Q) na nbibi nke arụmọrụ mkpọtụ nke oge.
1.2 Mweda nke nta nke nta nke okirikiri Oscillation
Ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na nke na-agafe agafe na sekit oscillation na-emebi ka dose radieshon na-agbakọta:
Parameter Drift n'ime ngwaọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ
• Mfefe nke usoro na MOSFET voltaji ọnụ ụzọ na-agbanwe ebe nhụsianya nke sekit oscillation.
• Mbelata transistor transconductance na-ebelata oke uru loop.
• Mmetụta kpọmkwem: Ihe isi ike na ịmalite oscillation, attenuation nke mmepụta amplitude, na n'ọnọdụ siri ike, nkwụsị nke oscillation.
Mmụba dị egwu na ntapu ugbu a
• Ebubo ọnyà oxide na-eduga n'ịba ụba mmiri na-agbapụta na nkwụsị PN na oxides ọnụ ụzọ.
• Mmụba dị ịrịba ama na oriri ike static.
• Mmụba ụda okpomọkụ na-ebuli elu ala mkpọtụ nke oge.
• Mmetụta ozugbo: Oriri ike karịrị nkọwapụta, na ụda ntọala na-ebili.
Mgbanwe na nha netwọkụ nzaghachi
• Radiation{0}} paramita ndị nwere mmetụta nke ndị na-ebu ibu na ihe mgbochi na-agbanwe.
• Na-agbanwe ọnọdụ ngbanwe oge achọrọ maka oscillation.
• Mmetụta ozugbo: Mgbanwe n'ogo etiti yana nchikota nke nso nso.
Nkeji II: Otu {{0}Mmetụta Mmemme-“Mwakpo Obi mberede” nke Crystal Oscillators
2.1 Mmetụta ozugbo na nkeji kristal
Mmebi Mpụga n'Efefe
• Otu urughuru ike dị elu{{0}(dịka ọmụmaatụ, ion dị arọ ma ọ bụ nnukwu proton) na-agafe na kristal.
• Na-emepụta mmebi lattice mpaghara n'akụkụ trajectory ahụ.
• Na-ebute mgbanwe nrụgide mpaghara na-agafe agafe.
• Mmetụta ozugbo: Mwụli elu ngwa ngwa, nke nwere ike gbakere ma emechaa.
Mmetụta nkwụnye ego ụgwọ
• Ihe nkwụnye ego n'ime kristal, na-ekepụta mpaghara eletrik na-agafe agafe.
• A na-atụgharị ụgwọ ka ọ bụrụ nrụgide arụ ọrụ na-adịru nwa oge site na mmetụta piezoelectric.
• Mmetụta ozugbo: Mwụli elu na nnukwu mkpụmkpụ - nbibi nke nkwụsi ike ugboro ugboro.
2.2 Mmebi ozugbo nke sekit oscillation
Otu -Mmemme Transients (SET) na sekit Analog
• Mmụba ike dị elu- na-akụ amplifiers ma ọ bụ sekit enweghị isi n'ime isi oscillator.
• Mepụta pulses na-adịru nwa oge na ike ma ọ bụ ahịrị mgbaama.
• Obosara usu na-adị site na iri iri nke picoseconds ruo ọtụtụ microsekọnd.
• Mmetụta ozugbo:
• glitches ozugbo n'elu n'ụdị ebili mmiri nke mmepụta.
• Nkwụsị mberede na-aga n'ihu nke usoro.
• Nwere ike ime ka oge-kpọchie loops (PLL) hapụ mkpọchi ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta elekere daa.
Otu -Mmemme na-ewe iwe (SEU) na mgbagha njikwa
• Ntụgharị ntakịrị na-eme na ngalaba njikwa dijitalụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndekọ nlegharị anya ugboro ugboro, okwu njikwa ọnọdụ).
• A na-emezigharị parampat nhazi n'amaghị ama.
• Mmetụta ozugbo:
• Ọtụtụ mmepụta na-amali elu na uru ezighi ezi.
• Ngbanwe na-adịghị mma nke ụdị ọrụ.
• Nwere ike ịchọ nhazigharị iji weghachi ọrụ nkịtị.
Ọdachi ga-esi na otu-Enyocha mmemme-elu (SEL) pụta
• Ịkpalite ihe arụrụ arụ PNPN na-emepụta ihe dị elu-ụzọ dị ugbu a.
• Ọganihu dị ugbu a n'ụzọ dị egwu (nwere ike ruo 100 ugboro uru nkịtị).
• Mmetụta ozugbo:
• Mmebi arụmọrụ zuru oke nke sekit.
• Mgbapụ okpomọkụ nwere ike ịkpata mmebi na-adịgide adịgide.
• Chọrọ ịgba ígwè iji nwetaghachi.
Nkebi nke Atọ: Atụmatụ ike ike pụrụ iche maka Crystal Oscillators
3.1 Usoro akọwapụtara nke ọma megide mmetụta TID
Nhọrọ nke kristal kachasị mma
• Jiri radieshon -kristal siri ike: SC{1}}cut quartz na-egosipụta nguzogide radieshon dị mma karịa AT{2}} ịkpụ.
• Usoro nhazi pụrụ iche: Mbelata hydrogen na-ebelata ntụpọ kristal mbụ.
• Nchọgharị nke ihe ọhụrụ: Nhọrọ dị ka lithium niobate (LNB) na-egosi nkwa n'ụfọdụ ụgbụ ugboro.
Nhazi okirikiri siri ike
• Jiri ngwaọrụ semiconductor emebere na radieshon{0}}usoro siri ike.
• Chepụta sekit sekit na-enweghị isi iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mbugharị voltaji ọnụ ala.
• Were imewe nnabata were hụ na arụrụ ọrụ n'ime oke mkpagharị akpafu.
• Tinye sekit nlebanya na nkwụghachi ụgwọ ugbu a.
Nkwalite ihe owuwu
• Kwalite nkwakọ ngwaahịa kristal iji belata ojiji nke radieshon{0}ihe nwere mmetụta.
• Melite nhazi electrode na ụzọ njikọ iji belata mkpokọta ụgwọ interface.
• Tinye mkpuchi pụrụ iche iji belata mmetụta elu.
3.2 Ngwọta akọwapụtara maka otu -Mmetụta mmemme
Ihe owuwu sekit{0}Nchekwa ọkwa
• Jiri sekit nzacha na hysteresis n'ụzọ mgbama analọgụ dị oke mkpa.
• Mejuputa redundancy modular ugboro atọ (TMR) na ume ọhụrụ oge maka ngalaba njikwa dijitalụ.
• Chepụta nchọpụta ngwa ngwa na usoro mgbake.
• Chekwaa data nhazi site na iji nchọpụta njehie na koodu mgbazi.
Nbulite nhazi nhazi
• Tinye mgbanaka nche gburugburu ọnụ ọnụ nwere mmetụta.
• Jiri okirikiri centroid a na-ahụkarị{{0} iji belata mmetụta gradient.
• Welie netwọkụ nkesa ike ka ibelata ntachi- elu susceptibility.
• Welite nha transistors dị oke egwu iji bulie ụgwọ dị oke egwu.
Sistemu - Ọkwa Countermeasures
• Chepụta ọtụtụ ihe-oscillator architectures na-akwado mgbanwe ọkụ{1}.
• Mejuputa ezigbo-nleba anya ugboro ugboro na nchọpụta adịghị mma.
• Mepụta algọridim na-agbanwe agbanwe iji chọpụta ma kwụọ ụgwọ maka mmetụta na-adịte aka.
• guzobe na-atụmatụ mmezi orbit, gụnyere nhazigharị ihe na mgbake mejọrọ.
3.3 chọrọ Pụrụ iche maka Nnwale na nkwado
Ụzọ nnwale radieshon maka Crystal Oscillators
• Ogologo -nleba anya maka nkwụsi ike ugboro ole iji chọpụta usoro mmebi iwu n'okpuru TID.
• Ogologo oge- mkpọtụ nke usoro iji chọpụta mbinye aka nke mmetụta na-agafe agafe.
• Na-nnwale beam iji mee ka mmetụta nke otu- mmetụta mmemme.
• Nnwale ndụ emelitere iji buru amụma ogologo oge- ntụkwasị obi.
Usoro igodo maka Nnwale
• Ọkpụkpụ mmekọrịta n'etiti nkwụsị ugboro ugboro na mkpokọta dose.
• Mgbanwe n'ụdị mkpọtụ mkpọtụ oge.
• Mmebi nke mmalite{0}}oge na nhazi oge.
• Ike idowe iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke waveform.
Mmechi: Usoro Injinịa Sistemụ Maka Nhazi na nkwalite
Ịgba ike radieshon nke kristal oscillators bụ ihe ịma aka sistemu injinia nke chọrọ azụmaahịa{0}} n'ọtụtụ ọkwa:
Ngwa na-edozi ihe na usoro
• Mgbanwe{0}} n'etiti nguzogide radieshon nke ihe kristal yana nkwụsi ike ugboro.
• itule ogo nke semiconductor usoro hardening megide ike oriri na ọsọ.
Azụmahịa{0} n'ichepụta sekit
• Enweta ntụkwasị obi sitere na nkwụghachi ụgwọ megide mgbagwoju anya na oriri ike.
• Ịhazi ike nke usoro nchebe megide oke ọnụ ahịa na oke.
Mbuli elu nke Sistemu Architecture
• Nhazi ahaziri ahazi nke atụmatụ nchekwa ọtụtụ{0}.
• Ngwakọta ngwaike -mmehie ngwanrọ{1}}atụmatụ nnabata.
• Mgbakwunye ike nleba anya n'ịntanetị na ime mgbanwe.
N'ikpeazụ, imewe oscillator radieshon na-aga nke ọma - chọrọ nghọta ziri ezi nke gburugburu ngwa ngwa yana nleba anya zuru oke nke arụmọrụ, ntụkwasị obi na ọnụ ahịa. Site na ọganihu n'ime ihe ọhụrụ, usoro, na ọgụgụ isi nkwụghachi algọridim, arụmọrụ nke kristal oscillators na oke radieshon gburugburu ga-aga n'ihu na-emeziwanye, na-enye oge siri ike - ntọala ntọala maka ngwa dị elu - dị ka nyocha mbara ala miri emi na ike nuklia.
Ntụle a ezubere iche na atụmatụ siri ike na-eme ka a mata na "obi mgbawa" nke sistemu ahụ ka kwụsiri ike ma bụrụ nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ọbụlagodi na gburugburu radieshon kacha sie ike.